Synthesis CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN PAPUA

Papua is a province in eastern Indonesia who was awarded the  with the natural resources of forests, waters, and minerals are plentiful. Abundance of natural resources was followed by cultural diversity characterize the region of Papua as a region of unique and attractive to the nations in world. 

Since becoming an integral part of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia, in Papua's development movement has gone through various stages and processes outlined in the long term planning and short term, which should have placed the province in line with other provinces INDONESIA. In reality the various stages of development that have been passed by the Papua province has not shown any significant progress due to various reasons which is a constraint on the progress of this region. 

Policy and direction of development adopted in the province of Papua has always refers to the policies and direction of development which is derived by the national government, especially during the New Order government. Policy development and direction of nationally uniform throughout the province had led to the deviations and changes  fundamental in the life of the people of Papua are often followed by clashes that puts the people of Papua on the condition that  less fortunate in the development itself. 

The reality of the development of Papua, which performed so far, still put Papua as a region with the percentage of poor population  Indonesia's highest, which should not have happened if the policy  adopted more pro-development in the community. 

Special Autonomy (Autonomy) that umbrella with Law No. 21 of 2001, is caring for the Indonesian Government to seriously  Papua building is oriented to social and cultural characteristics  Papuan society. Papua's special autonomy provides opportunities for the development of  community and region in a comprehensive manner so that the backwardness of Papua  and underdevelopment can be overcome with appropriate development framework, local specifics and focused. 

The Provincial Government, with UNDP's commitment, organizing study  capacity building to photograph the existence of the territory of Papua and  Papuan society today. This study has focused on the capacity of government  areas in four key sectors of development priorities, and organizational capacity  civil society and the society as a whole. The synthesis of the results of this study  formulated in a draft document which is a portrait of Papua  illustrates, in more detail, the existence of gaps that occur very  width as the difference between demand and capacity. 

Based on the gap is photographed from the synthesis capacity development  has been recommended to formulate a framework of development program  Papuan region and humanely according to their basic rights to participate in the development of Papua by their own.

Papua Scope
Review capacity of local governments in carrying out development and  study the capacity of civil society organizations, community-based organizations and livelihood Papuamasyarakat study conducted in five regions namely Northern Territory of Papua, Paradise Bay Region, Central Mountain Region, Southern District of Papua and the Bird's Head. 

The focus of the study conducted on four priority areas of development ie education, health, economic welfare and basic infrastructure, and other fields related to the development of Papua namely governance, environment, land and community rights, gender, and socio-cultural field .. Thus the space synthesis of Papua in 2005 the scope of a holistic synthesis document includes the diversity and specifics of the territory, society and aspects of the development priorities of Papua-musty which has been and is now held.

PAPUA OVERVIEW
Papuan identity Territory and the Indigenous name 

New Guinea: Derived from the Spanish, Nova Guinea, given by Spanish sailors named Ortiz De Retez used since 1545. Papua, Papua designation for the region and its inhabitants, was recorded in the journal Spanish for the first time in the year 1521, till now the name of Papua in use again. Irian, Irian term used after World War-2, originated from a legend of the Biak- Numfor which means land that emerged from the sea, the land also belongs to us. After the transfer of sovereignty to Indonesia in 1949, Guinea became the very meaning of political connotation (Join the Republic of Indonesia Anti-Netherlands). So that more in use by the separatists or the people of the Republic of Indonesia Pro. 

Indigenous Papuans 

 
Basically indigenous Papuans can be divided into 2 (two) groups: 1: Papuan mountains / inland plateau, and 2: Papua and coastal lowlands. Language is very diverse recorded more than 250 local languages. Dark-skinned Papuans to black and curly hair. This becomes a characteristic that is similar to the Negro, but the people of Papua have eyes of Europeans, and in general body fur and a beard / mustache. Together with indigenous Australians (Aborigines) and the Negritos of the Philippines.

Indigenous peoples of Papua is a type of East Negroid group.
Traditional Papuan community and Culture of West Papua, untouched by civilization first through Spain and Portugal sailors who sailed the 7 (seven) Ocean in the 16th century in order to find shortcuts to the center rempahrempah, an international trade commodity at that time that the Indian who is none other than the Indonesian archipelago today. This era was noted that Vasco Da Gama discovered the Strait of Magelang Spanish nationality, next Indigo Ortiz De Retez along the northern coast of this island in 1545 and since look at the characteristics of human skin color is black and curly-haired just like humans who he saw in Africa called Guinea hemisphere, then This island was named Isla Nova Guinea / New Guinea Island. 

Composition and Distribution of Indigenous Papuans
Until the mid-1957, natives of Papua or the public indigenous Papuans in the estimate of 700,000, where only 50% or less 350,000 people registered. Europeans 16 600 inhabitants, Indonesia 13 000 inhabitants, and 4000 Chinese inhabitants. 

Now the composition has been much changed to; Papua Original, Immigrants (Foreign Papua), Europe, which now amounts to 2,233,530 (Census 2000); and most densely located in Jayawijaya 417,326 lives and District Merauke 318 350 inhabitants.

Reality Original Papuan Struggle To break away from Indonesian Nation 

 
Nova Guinea (NG-Barat/Papua) began to develop on a regular basis in the fields of politics,  economic, social, cultural, security and order, after usainya Pacific war during World War II (1939-1945). The Dutch isolate this area from the Dutch East Indies since the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence (1945) until the year 1962 with objectives: 

Prepare the area and population to non-self, separated from the Netherlands, among the nations of the world (base: the UN Charter on self-governing territory which has not). Because the goal has been set, then by the Dutch Government prepared a Ten Year Term Development Plan (Tien Jaren Plan), since 1950 in the political, economic, social., Culture, infrastructure, public order, security. 

The next development phase Phase Transition Government is to UNTEA (United Nations Temporary

Administrations) to run the government the status quo of 15 August 1962 to 1 May 1963. 

After May 1, 1963 West NG renamed West Irian and the DIRIB regulated by government (Directorate of West Irian, the Department of Affairs). So life went on and West NG-Barat/Irian experience  development period of transition as well with programs FUNDWI / United Nations Funds  for Development of West Irian, which is directed to infrastructure (Transportation  sea ​​and land, ships, Radio-communication and Bus in the city) and the People's Economy by JDF (Joint Development Fund of the Netherlands and the UN). This program is only walked the first 5 years. 

Based on Long-Term Development plan / PJP - 25 of which are divided  in 5 Years or PELITA Development, the Government of Indonesia to run Wheel construction began in 1969 until the Reform Era in 1999, so about 30 years, but gave a progress that has not been meaningful for the region and its people. In 1988 the Development Framework has compiled a comprehensive Jaya1 Irian, but unfortunately the frame was never implemented, thus the situations described in 1988 was similar to present conditions. 

If dianalogkan development with cultural absorption, it is ironically the traditional Papuan culture is still 80% intact, or cultural influences outside of the traditional culture of Papua almost meaningless. If in fact the case, then question the system and pattern of development planning is wrong or the wrong application?. Or maybe people of Papua who do not want to move forward? Also many other questions should be asked and sought solutions for Territory of Papua and its people have had and undergo what is called: SPECIAL AUTONOMY, which in the opinion of many people will answer the question of political, economic, social, cultural, security, and order for the traditional inhabitants of Papua. 

Special Autonomy in Jayapura in its implementation has been ongoing since year 2001 to year 2005. If this situation continues, it can be Unquestionably, when will the rights and dignity of traditional societies of Papua becomes the reference problem solving political, economic, social, culture, order and security at the local, regional, national and international. 

A political realities that need to be listened to is since the nations of the peninsula Iberia give the name or names TERRA NOVA GUINEA PAPOS DOS and all historical development of world politics until the Era of Globalization, in the century to-21 this issue of rights and human dignity and identity in Papua still not solved by the world that consider themselves civilized.

written: Synthesis Team May 2006 
Source: http://www.undp.or.id